Summary
This paper details the complete evolution of a new cleaning chemical for
heavy-oil and gas pipelines. Information is offered regarding the reason for
development, the research involved in formulation of the new product, and the
laboratory testing. This paper concludes by giving several case histories of
application in cleaning operations in the western United States and Texas.
Oil naturally contains paraffins, asphaltenes, and naphthenates. During
transport, these hydrocarbon components can precipitate and adhere to the
pipeline walls and can become associated with iron sulfide scale. Corrosion can
often occur on pipeline walls under these organic deposits. Pigging operations
are normally performed to remove organic and inorganic debris from the walls of
a pipeline. However, these scales can become very compacted and adhere to the
walls of the pipeline. It is often necessary to add surfactant-based chemicals
to assist in the breakup, softening, and transportation of these deposits.
A literature review of the current theory in the chemistry of
pipeline-cleaning chemicals is presented together with a critical account of
the key properties required of these chemistries: wettability alteration,
solubilization efficacy of organic materials, emulsification of phases,
dispersion, detergency, and defoaming.
An explanation of the laboratory development and evaluation has been given
as a preamble for the case histories. One case history details how a pipeline
operator unsuccessfully tried to clean a 12-in., 9-mile section of pipeline
with a pig. The pig was launched and became stuck along the length of the
pipeline. Application of the newly developed product was able to free the stuck
pig and removed significant debris. By way of conclusion, the paper offers
suggestions on how chemicals can be most efficiently used in conjunction with
these programs.
© 2010. Society of Petroleum Engineers
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History
- Original manuscript received:
3 January 2009
- Meeting paper published:
24 March 2009
- Revised manuscript received:
21 May 2009
- Manuscript approved:
28 May 2009
- Published online:
18 March 2010
- Version of record:
18 March 2010
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