Summary
Quantitative integration of spatial and temporal information provided by
time-lapse (4D) -seismic surveys to dynamic reservoir models calls for
efficient and effective data-integration algorithms. We carry out a
comprehensive comparison of stochastic optimization methods using both a
synthetic and a field case.
Our first case is a challenging synthetic test problem known as the Imperial
College Fault Model (ICFM). The methods of very-fast simulated annealing
(VFSA), particle-swarm optimization (PSO), and the neighborhood algorithm (NA)
are compared in terms of convergence characteristics, data-match quality, and
posterior model-parameter distributions. On the basis of the knowledge
developed from the ICFM problem, we isolate VFSA and PSO and evaluate their
performance further on a field case involving an offshore west African
deepwater turbidite reservoir undergoing waterflooding. The field case has a
reasonably long production history and good-quality 3D- and 4D-seismic data,
allowing the construction of a geologically consistent model by means of
dynamic calibration. As such, it constitutes a relevant field test for joint
seismic/production history matching. We assess the data-match characteristics
and the quality of dynamic forecasts delivered by VFSA and PSO in the field
case.
Practical guidelines are developed over the course of these studies for
selecting a "fit-for-purpose" optimal method for joint history-matching
workflows. Our results show that PSO, a population-based method, incurs
relatively more computational expense at a given iteration but exhibits good
convergence characteristics and provides multiple history-matched models. The
PSO method has emerged as more effective compared with the NA and VFSA methods
in the ICFM problem. It was also quite effective on the field application. On
the other hand, the VFSA method requires comparatively more iterations to
converge because of its sequential nature, but it has advantageous features
when moderate computing resources are available.
© 2012. Society of Petroleum Engineers
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History
- Original manuscript received:
30 July 2011
- Meeting paper published:
31 October 2011
- Revised manuscript received:
16 April 2012
- Manuscript approved:
23 May 2012
- Published online:
24 July 2012
- Version of record:
7 August 2012
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