SPE Journal
Volume 16, Number 2, June 2011, pp. 440-450

SPE-121559-PA

Barite Nucleation and Inhibition at 0 to 200°C With and Without Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors

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DOI  More information 10.2118/121559-PA http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/121559-PA

Citation

  • Fan, C., Kan, A.T., Zhang, P., and Tomson, M.B. 2011. Barite Nucleation and Inhibition at 0 to 200°C With and Without Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors. SPE J.  16 (2): 440-450. SPE-121559-PA. doi: 10.2118/121559-PA.

Discipline Categories

  • 5.5.1 Asphaltenes, Hydrates, Precipitates, Scale, Waxes (Inhibition and Remediation)
  • 4.6.4 Scale

Keywords

  • barite, nucleation and inhibition kinetics, hydrate inhibitor, high temperature, mathematical model

Summary

In this study, we modified the commonly employed dynamic-tube-blocking methodology and built an apparatus to study the nucleation kinetics of barite-scale formation at high temperatures in the presence and absence of scale inhibitors. Barite formation was detected by monitoring pressure change over a micrometer-sized in-line filter, and this has been proved to be an easy and accurate method to study mineral-scale-nucleation kinetics at high temperatures. Additionally, we investigated the nucleation kinetics of barite at 0 - 25°C with and without thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors. By using this modified dynamic-tube-blocking technique, we successfully measured the nucleation kinetics of barite in 1M NaCl solutions over a temperature range from 25 to 200°C and at various supersaturation conditions. We also evaluated the inhibition efficiency of barite precipitation at this high temperature range. On the basis of the experimental results, the relationship of precipitation kinetics of barite as a function of temperature and saturation index was established. The inhibition efficiency of the phosphonate inhibitor [bis-hexamethylenetriamine-penta (methylene phosphonic) acid (BHPMP)] on barite precipitation has been evaluated over the same range of conditions. The Ca2+ effect on the inhibition efficiency of BHPMP at a low temperature (4°C) and at high temperatures (175 - 200°C) was investigated also. Results of this study have been incorporated into the scale-prediction software ScaleSoftPitzer.

© 2010. Society of Petroleum Engineers

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History

  • Original manuscript received: 24 February 2009
  • Meeting paper published: 21 April 2009
  • Revised manuscript received: 23 April 2010
  • Manuscript approved: 22 June 2010
  • Published online: 13 December 2010
  • Version of record: 17 June 2011